Common Internet File Formats


See also: Our Glossary of Internet Terms,

Note: This list is mainly intended for use on Macintosh computers and PC's running MS-Windows. This is only a partial list of what really is out there but for these common platforms, the majority of the file types encountered on-line can handled with the tools herein. For an additional collection of related information focused on PC users check out Multimedia File Formats on The Internet by Allison Zhang, and the Cross-Platform Page by Eric Bennett. For compression info for all platforms check the comp.compression FAQ (126Kb).

Various File Formats
File SuffixFormat Description & TypeHow to deal with it
.au .au is the most common sound format found on the web.
    Binary
MacOSUse Sound Player to play it
WindowsUse Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
Win32Use Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
.aiff .aiff is also a semi-common sound format.
    Binary
MacOSUse Sound Player to play it
WindowsUse Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
Win32Use Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
.bin Macbinary II Encoded File. Make sure to download as MacBinary or Binary. MacOSUse Stuffit Expander to turn back into a usable Macintosh file if it isn't already.
WindowsN/A
Win32N/A
.doc May be a DOS/Windows program or a DOS/Windows Self Extracting Archive
    Binary
MacOSUse MS-Word
WindowsUse WordView to quickly display MS-Word documents
Win32Use WordView to quickly display MS-Word documents
.exe May be a DOS/Windows program or a DOS/Windows Self Extracting Archive
    Binary
MacOSN/A
WindowsDownload and launch it in its own temporary directory, it may spawn a number of files and directories. Self Extracting
Win32Download and launch it in its own temporary directory, it may spawn a number of files and directories. Self Extracting
.gif GIF (Graphical Interchange Format), though not the most economical, is the most common graphics format found on the Internet. MacOSUse GIFConverter or JPEG View
WindowsUse Lview Pro to view these graphics
Win32Use PolyView to view these graphics
.gz .gz is the Gnu version of zip. It is a compression method developed for use on UNIX systems.
    Binary
MacOSUse macgzip to view and extract archives.
WindowsUse WinZIP to view and extract archives.
Win32Use WinZIP to view and extract archives.
.html
.htm
HTML (Hypertext Markup Language), the code the web is written in. Plain text file. MacOSUse Netscape for MacIntosh to view the file
WindowsUse Netscape for Windows 3.1x to view the file
Win32Use Netscape for Windows95 and Windows NT to view the file
.hqx BinHex 4.0 - Encodes a Macintosh file into 7-bit text so it can be safely transfered. Most Mac files appear in .hqx MacOSUse Stuffit Expander
WindowsUse BinHex13 in a DOS window to un-binhex it
Win32Use BinHex13 in a DOS window to un-binhex it
.image Macintosh Disk Image, most commonly found on Apple's FTP sites.
    Binary
MacOSUse Shrink Wrap to mount the disk image, and deal with it like you would a floppy
WindowsN/A
Win32N/A
.jpg
.jpeg
.jfif
JPEG/JFIF, a 24 bit graphic format
    Binary
MacOSUse JPEG View
WindowsUse Lview Pro to view these graphics
Win32Use PolyView to view these graphics
.mpg
.mpeg
MPEG, the standard movie platform for the 'net.
    Binary
MacOSUse sparkle to play them, or to convert them to QuickTime.
WindowsUse VMPEG with win32s to play MPEGs
Win32Use VMPEG or Ladybug to play MPEGs
.mov
.qt
.movie
.moov
QuickTime Movie, Apple Macintosh native movie platform
    Binary
MacOSUse Sparkle, FastPlayer, MoviePlayer, SimpleText, MicrosoftWord...and many others. If the movie appears totaly white, you may need to use the Apple Quicktime VR Player to see them.
WindowsUse QuickTime for Windows
Win32Use QuickTime for Windows
.pdf Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format, download as Binary MacOSUse Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe Acrobat
WindowsUse Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe Acrobat
Win32Use Adobe Acrobat Reader or Adobe Acrobat
.ps Postscript file. Plain text file, but not really human-readable. MacOSSend to a Postscipt printer with Laserwriter Font Utility or view it onscreen using Ghostscript
WindowsView it onscreen using Ghostscript
Win32View it onscreen using Ghostscript
.sit Stuffit Archive - Binary MacOSDownload as MacBinary, and use Stuffit Expander
WindowsUse UnSit in a DOS window
Win32 Use UnSit in a DOS window
.sea Macintosh Self Extracting Archive MacOSDownload as MacBinary, and launch it. Self Extracting
WindowsN/A
Win32N/A
.tar UNIX tar program takes seperate files and turns them into one file. Often also compressed. Extensions such .tar.Z, .tar.gz and .tgz (latter two are equivalent) requires decompression first, then un-tar. Some UNIX ftp servers will un-tar a file if you request it without the ".tar" extention.
    Binary
MacOSDownload and use Tar
WindowsUse WinZIP to view and extract archives.
Win32Use WinZIP to view and extract archives.
.tiff
.tif
TIFF is a very large high quality image format.
    Binary
MacOSUse JPEGView
WindowsUse Lview Pro to view these graphics
Win32Use PolyView to view these graphics
.txt A plain boring old Text File MacOSUse Microsoft Word, Simple Text, BBEdit, whatever!
WindowsUse the 16 bit version of Programmer's File Editor
Win32Use the 32 bit version of Programmer's File Editor
.uu
.uue
A uuencoded file. Typically this is done on a UNIX command line:
uuencode OriginalFileName SecondFilename > EncodedFile.uu
Then, after running:
uudecode EncodedFile.uu
One gets a file generated named:
SecondFileName
Using .uu as the extension is not required but is considered politely explanatory for what type of file it is. Increasing numbers of desktop mail and newsreading programs will handle this type of encoding on the fly.
MacOSUse UU Undo to uudecode it
WindowsUse WinCode to uudecode it
Win32Use ESS-Code to uudecode it
.wav Windows Wave format sound file
    Binary
MacOSYou can use SoundApp to play .wav files
WindowsUse Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
Win32Use Waveform Hold and Modify to play it
.Z Unix Compressed File
    Binary
MacOSIf you are downloading via ftp most ftp servers will uncompress for you if you drop the ".Z". Otherwise use Stuffit Expander w/EE.
WindowsUse WinZIP to view and extract archives.
Win32Use WinZIP to view and extract archives.
.zip pkzip, a common DOS/Windows compression format
    Binary
MacOSUse ZipIt, Stuffit Expander w/ EE, or MacUnZip
WindowsUse WinZIP to view and extract archives.
Win32Use WinZIP to view and extract archives.

Where to get the Software packages

Adobe Acrobat Reader Win32 Windows MacOS
Freeware program from Adobe to read Adobe Acrobat Portable Document Format files.
Source site: http://www.adobe.com/Software/Acrobat/

BinHex13 Win32 Windows
Use this in a DOS window to get the original file.
ftp://oak.oakland.edu/pub/simtelnet/msdos/mcintosh/

ESS-CodeWin32
A Windows 32 bit program. Allows drag and drop uuencoding/decoding and MIME support. Look for tile name like ecdXXw95.zip where XX is a version number
ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win95/txtutil/

Ghostscript Win32 Windows MacOS
Freeware program for viewing Postscript files on screen, saving to PICT format, etc. The program requires that you install a large (~6 MB) collection of files though. It also crashes alot.
Macintosh source site: http://www.glyphic.com/glyphic/projects/macgs.html
To run Aladdin Ghostscript on a PC you need gs###ini.zip, gs###fn1.zip and one of gs###dos.zip, gs###os2.zip, gs###win.zip or gs###w32.zip. Be sure to read the README and Index files in this directory.
ftp://ftp.cs.wisc.edu/ghost/aladdin/

GIFConverterMacOS
Shareware program (~$30) for viewing and converting between GIF, PICT, TIFF, RLE, JPEG (JFIF), EPSF, RIFF, Macpaint, StartupScreen and "Scan Image" formats. Some primitive file editing can be done such as cropping and re-sizing (scale-by-percent) and adjusting file resolution and dither pattern. GIFConverter will save GIFs in Interlaced format if you choose, but cannot handle transparent colors.
The main site: http://www.kamit.com/gifconverter.html
Alternate: http://www.macworld.com/cgi-bin/software.pl/Graphics/Software.32.html
In Japan: http://www.commerce.or.jp/free/d/gifconverter2.3.7.html

JPEGViewMacOS
JPEGView is a freeware graphic program to read GIF, JPEG, TIFF, and PICT files. Runs fast and will dither nicely to any size of screen/color palette.
Source Site: http://www.macworld.com/software/Software.832.html
Via FTP: ftp://wuarchive.wustl.edu:/systems/mac/umich.edu/powermac/jpegview3.31.sit.hqx

LadybugWin32
The Ladybug 1.00 for Windows95/NT can only play MPEG files less than 800KB but it looks promising, watch for updates.
ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win95/desktop/

Laserwriter Font UtilityMacOS
This comes with your Macintosh. It's on the Printing Tools disk, or it may already be installed in your Utilities folder. If you need to download it from Apple, you can.
Source site: http://www.support.apple.com/

Lview ProWin32 Windows
Lviewpro provides support for a variety of graphics formats including GIF '89 (transparent backgrounds), conversion between different formats and image editing functions.
Pick it up at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtelnet/win3/graphics

Netscape Win32 Windows MacOS
Netscape is by far the fastest and most powerfull World Wide Web browser.
http://home.mcom.com/comprod/mirror/index.html

PolyView Win32
PolyView is a Windows NT/95 program that displays GIF, JPEG, TIFF, and photo-cd graphics files and converts between these file formats.
ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win95/desktop/

Programmer's File EditorWin32 Windows
Programmer's File Editor is a large-capacity multi-file programming oriented editor for Windows 3.1x, Windows NT on Intel and PowerPC platforms, and Windows 95. Get the 16 bit version (pfeXXXX.zip) at ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win3/util/
Get the 32 bit version (pfeXXXXX.zip) at ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win3/util/

QuickTime Win32 Windows MacOS
QuickTime is Apple's video format. Players for Macintosh and Windows are available.
http://quicktime.apple.com/

Quicktime VR PlayerMacOS
This is a QuickTime moview player that will aslo play QuickTine VR movies
Source Site: http://qtvr.quicktime.apple.com/InMac.htm
More Information: http://qtvr.quicktime.apple.com/

ShrinkwrapMacOS
Shrinkwrap is a free Mac utility that allows you to mount and use disk image files as if they were a mounted floppy disk. You can also copy disk images to floppies with Shrinkwrap by simply dragging the floppy icon onto Shrinkwrap.
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/mac/pub-mac-compression.html#shrinkwrap-142

Sound PlayerMacOS
Sound Player is a multipurpose sound program that can record and play back .au and aiff format sounds.
ftp://romulus.ucs.uoknor.edu:/.disks/6f/mac/sound/soundutil/soundmachine2.1.cpt.hqx
ftp://gatekeeper.dec.com:/.3/net/infosys/gopher/Macintosh-TurboGopher/helper-applications/SoundMachine21.cpt.hqx
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/mac/pub-mac-sound.html

SoundAppMacOS
SoundApp is a small featureless program that will play most audio files you may find
http://wwwhost.ots.utexas.edu/mac/pub-mac-sound.html

SparkleMacOS
Sparkle is the best MPEG player for the mac. You can play and convert between Quicktime and MPEG.
Sumex: ftp://sumex-aim.stanford.edu/info-mac/grf/util
Or try ftp://ftp.utexas.edu/pub/mac/graphics/sparkle-245-fat.hqx

Stuffit Expander with Expander EnchancerMacOS
Stuffit Expander is the decompression program for the mac. With Expander Enchancer (It is installed when you install DropStuff) you can expand a LOT of formats!
get both Stuff Expander and Drop Stuff w/ EE from Aladdin at ftp://ftp.aladdinsys.com/Pub/

TarMacOS
Tar 4.0 will read and write tar files.
gopher://gopher.archive.umich.edu:7055/40/mac/util/compression/tar4.0b.sit.hqx

UNSITWin32 Windows
UNSIT is a simple utility for PC users to extract files from a StuffIt file.
ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/simtel/msdos/mac/

UU UndoMacOS
UU Undo is a simple program to decode uu encoded files on the mac.
http://www.med.cornell.edu/~giles/projects.html#uuundo

VMPEG Win32 Windows
VMPEG can play MPEG system layer streams containing both video and audio. This is a win32s program.
ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win3/desktop/

Waveform Hold and Modify (WHAM)Win32 Windows
WHAM provides support for a variety of formats, conversion between them and file editing functions.
Pick it up from ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/cica/audio/

WinCode Windows
Wincode is a Windows 3.x program which converts 8-bit BINARY (EXE, COM,GIF, etc) files to 7-bit ASCII (Text) files (and vice versa) through a process known as bit-shifting. Wincode currently supports UU/XX and Base64 (MIME 1.0 conformant) coding.
To be had from http://www.winsite.com/info/pc/win3/util/wincode.zip/

WinZipWin32 Windows
WinZip is an essential tool for it's excellent handling of many different archiving and compression formats. Downloads as a self-extracting archive.
Get the 16 bit version (winzipXX.exe) at ftp://ftp.cdrom.com/pub/cica/win3/util/
Get the 32 bit version (wzntXX.exe) at ftp://ftp.cica.indiana.edu/pub/pc/win3/nt/

WordViewWin32 Windows
For MS-Windows users, displaying Microsoft Word documents without having to allocate the memory resources required to fire up MS-Word is very handy. Get yours at ftp://ftp.microsoft.com/Softlib/MSLFILES/

ZipItMacOS
A fast program for the Macintosh to extract and create Zip archives.
Home Site: http://www.awa.com/softlock/zipit/zipit.html
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